Abstract
The coastal wetlands represent the critical interface between the terrestrial and ocean zones, which have gained vital importance in terms of economic and environmental aspects. Land cover change (LU) and climate change (CC) are considered the determinant factors for the changes in nutrient fluxes, thermal energy, and water balance components (WBCs). These factors are also expected to affect each other through interaction process effects. An essential tool that may be used to evaluate the sustainability and availability of water resources for food security and the ecological health of coastal zones is a hydrological modeling technique. The Heeia coastal wetlands in Hawaii, USA, are used as a case study in this study to evaluate the effects of LU and CC on WBCs.
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