Extraction of Renewable Natural Pigments in Indonesian Cultures for Coloring Batik Fabrics

Abstract

Nowadays, trends of Indonesian batik have increased to replace synthetic pigments with renewable natural pigments (chlorophyll, tannin, and others) due to strong consumer demands for more natural products. Production of renewable natural pigments from plant biomass (e.g., wood wastes) has been developed and produced in liquid, paste, and dry forms. Natural pigment production not only increases their selling-price capacity but should also exhibit biological activities that are environmentally friendly and beneficial for health. Abundant sources of chlorophyll/tannin in wood wastes (including mangrove origins) from forestry industries could potentially substitute for synthetic pigments, which sound environmentally harmful. Wood waste utilization could encourage and create economic opportunities in forest villages, centers of mangrove wood industries, and small/medium-scale batik/weaving enterprises. Natural colors of chlorophyll/tannin seem preferred by coastal and inland motif batik crafters. Accordingly, exploring various natural sources of tannin is essential for fabric/batik coloring, safe for food/beverages, and not endangering health.