Standard Analytical Techniques and de novo Proposals for Successfull Soil Biodegradation Process Proposals

Abstract

The contamination of water, air, and soil represent a serious problem worldwide. Therefore, it is a priority to reduce the levels of cytotoxic in the environment caused by human activities that generate chronic degenerative diseases. For example, soil contamination caused by oil and derivatives removed with biotechnological products based on biological systems of microorganisms with physiological and molecular mechanisms that allow them to carry out effective bioremediation processes, reducing the concentration of polluting hydrocarbons. The main obstacle is validating the biodegradation efficiency of chemical compounds by bacterial consortia; therefore, it is vital to adapt or develop analytical strategies to verify heavy-end reduction for each type of biological system used in remediation. This chapter describes the techniques and their adaptations for oil degradation and their derivatives promoted by microorganisms. As the limits of the methods vary within the parameters determined by international norms and laws, we compare conventional and new-generation proposals to adjust to probe biotechnological products based on consortia of biodiverse microorganisms that significantly degrade petroleum fractions.