Allogeneic Islet Transplantation and Future

Abstract

Pancreatic islets contain beta cells which produce insulin based on the blood glucose levels resulting in tight control of blood glucose levels. In type 1 diabetic patients, most of the beta cells are destroyed, therefore, pharmaceutical insulin injection is mandatory to avoid diabetes-related illness and death. Even with recent advanced insulin therapy, hypoglycemia is a critical limiting factor to control blood glucose levels. There is no doubt that hypoglycemia can be fatal. Allogeneic islet transplantation can prevent severe hypoglycemia and provide excellent blood glucose control. On the other hand, allograft donor shortage is the major issue. To overcome donor shortage, xenograft has been used and shown safety and efficacy. Recently stem-cell-derived beta cells are clinically applied. In this chapter, the history and current status of allogenic islet transplantation and future scope are described.