Impact of Climate Variability on Forest Vegetation Zones in Malawi

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of climate variability on forest type and forest living biomass. Three scenarios were used in the assessment. Namely: Near century (2011–2040), mid-century (2041–2070), and end-century (2071–2100). Holdridge Life Zone model and GAP Formind modified were used for the assessment. The results show that three forest vegetation zones will be observed from near century to end century. Namely: dry forest, very dry forest and thorn woodland forest. Under near century climate conditions, there are two forest vegetation zones occurring: dry forest and very dry forest. Under mid-century climate conditions, thorn woodland forest will emerge, and dry forest will disappear in the end-century. There will be a significant decrease in forest living biomass (1000 kg ha−1 yr−1) from near century to end-century. The study has demonstrated that future climate change will be conducive to growth and expansion of very dry forest vegetation zone, which causes positive effects on reforestation planning and adaptive strategies. Therefore, the study suggests the following as some possible strategies to adapt climate change: promotion of natural regeneration of tree species, promotion of tree site matching, production and promotion of new tree seed varieties; and seed banking for drought resistant tree species.