Toward Sustainable Implementation of Geothermal Energy Projects; the Case of Olkaria IV Project in Kenya

Abstract

In this chapter, we demonstrate how geothermal has the potential to solve climate change. Geothermal is part of green energy, which contributes toward the achievement of sustainable development goals, that is, SGD 7, on affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all, SDG 13, on climate actions, and the Paris Agreement. We present the potential of geothermal energy in Kenya and link it to its ability to provide solutions for Africa and Kenya considering current geopolitics, including Brexit, climate change, the Russian-Ukraine war, and COVID-19. However, this chapter argues that geothermal energy production should be developed within a sustainability framework. Environmental conflicts occasioned by the implementation of developmental projects are on the rise. Geothermal projects are likely to introduce new conflicts between the government and the communities. Therefore, natural resource conflict resolution should be part of the development of geothermal energy. This chapter draws inspiration from a study on conflict types and their management in the Olkaria IV geothermal development project in Kenya. From the study, it is apparent that mediation is one of the sustainable environmental conflict management strategies. The chapter concludes that geothermal energy production has the potential to contribute to the prosperity of Kenya economically.