Abstract
There are multiple examples of unexplained gravitational losses in black holes and neutron stars. Squeezed to a certain size, nucleons are not further compressible. Gravitational loss will allow galactic black holes to cause dark energy and the big bang to begin as a bounce. A cold shell and hot core will allow the big bang to solve galaxy formation problems. A quantum correction to General Relativity well above Planck energies will cause a cyclical Universe.