Abstract
Bone has traditionally been considered a passive organ, serving only as a scaffold for other organs and the entire body. However, over the past few years, an increasing number of studies have highlighted its function as an endocrine organ regulating energy and adipose tissue metabolism by producing undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). In mice, ucOC administration through different routes has been explored for its potential as a therapeutic or preventive method for reducing adipocyte size and normalising glucose homeostasis. The discovery of these endocrine properties of ucOC in rodent models for obesity prevention and treatment necessitates evaluating the association of ucOC with insulin resistance and obesity-related parameters in humans. This study aimed to investigate the association between total osteocalcin and ucOC, which is proposed as the active form in rodent models, with glucose metabolism markers, insulin resistance, and obesity-related parameters (i.e. Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance evaluated by homeostasis model assessment) in individuals who are overweight or obese. This study concluded the possible correlation of ucOC, with insulin resistance and highlights that waist/hip ratio can be a predictor of ucOC.