Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is crucial for proper mouth function, and issues with it can cause significant discomfort and reduce the quality of life for those affected. Over the years, TMJ imaging has advanced to enhance overall patient care, treatment planning, and diagnostic accuracy. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are complex and poorly understood conditions characterized by pain in the affected area and restricted jaw movements. Radiographic examination is a key part of the standard clinical assessment for patients with TMDs. Conventional imaging methods like CT scans and X-rays are being replaced by advanced techniques such as MRI, which provides superior visualization of soft tissues and higher diagnostic accuracy, especially with contrast-enhanced high-resolution MRI. The integration of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques, such as multi-detector CT (MDCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), has reshaped the assessment of TMJ anatomy and pathology. This combination enables the visualization of the joint in multiple thin sections, aiding in identifying minor structural abnormalities. Additionally, techniques like ultrasound (USG) provide real-time insights into dynamic TMJ function, offering valuable information on joint movement and biomechanics. Despite these significant advancements, challenges persist, including the need for standardized imaging protocols, access to advanced technologies, and ongoing research to validate the clinical usefulness of newer imaging methods.