Leveraging Dendrimer Macromolecules for the Encapsulation and Stabilisation of Nano-Sized Ruthenium Catalysts: Evaluation of Catalytic Reaction Kinetics in the Reduction of Pollutants Organic Dyes, Oxidation of Alcohols and Alkenes as Well as Hydrogenation Reactions

Author:

Maumela Mulisa,Bingwa Ndzondelelo

Abstract

Encapsulation of nano-sized metal catalysts within the dendrimers macromolecules’ frameworks has been well documented thus far. Dendrimers are described as symmetric, monodispersed macromolecules resembling a tree-like branched structure and have been utilised as both a template and stabilising agent for the fabrication of metal (noble and non-noble) nano-catalysts. For this purpose, different types of dendrimers can be employed. The use of dendrimers for metal catalysts stabilisation or encapsulation offers several advantages in catalysis. For example, the dendrimer template allows the synthesis of catalytically active monodispersed nanoparticles and the dendrimers template itself does not passivate the metal active atoms during the catalytic process. Additionally, dendrimers have the potential to act as a “vehicle” that can be leveraged for the fabrication of heterogeneous catalysts. For example, surface groups of the dendrimers can be functionalised to chemically link the dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) with solid supports such as silica. A significant number of studies on the synthesis and catalytic evaluation of dendrimer-metal nanocomposite materials (e.g. Ruthenium-based) onvarious reactions can be found in the literature. This chapter, however, will particularly focus on the recent developments on the synthesis, characterisation and catalytic applications of dendrimer-derived (colloidal and supported) Ruthenium catalysts.

Publisher

IntechOpen

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