Biomass-Based Activated Carbon

Abstract

Biomass is a renewable and eco-friendly energy source, which is easily regenerated, pollution-free, and widely available. It is also naturally carbonaceous and has low disposal costs. Biomass activated carbon (BAC) is a highly effective adsorbent that can remove a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants, as well as polar and nonpolar compounds in aqueous or gaseous environments. Additionally, it is also utilized for energy storage purposes. Converting biomass into activated carbon for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption is a practical solution for managing solid waste and reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Activated carbon is a microporous form of carbon that possesses a well-developed high internal surface area, pore volume, pore structure, and surface chemistry. The production of biomass-derived activated carbons is dependent on pyrolysis temperatures and physical and chemical activation conditions, which can alter their surface characteristics and adsorption behavior. Literature indicates that biomass-derived activated carbons possess a high surface and adsorption capacity, making them a suitable option for environmental remediation and energy storage.