Biology and Mechanobiology of the Tooth Movement during the Orthodontic Treatment

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment usually lasts from 2 to 3 years and some intractable cases may require even longer, so the duration of treatment not only leaves the patient dissatisfied, but is also the main reason why many patients reject or refuse orthodontic treatment; Therefore, various areas of research, hand in hand with the needs of orthodontists, have been developing methods to accelerate tooth movement and reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment, in such a context, the biology of tooth movement is a fascinating field of study that focuses on understanding the biological and biomechanical processes involved in tooth movement; thus, through research and scientific advances, it has been possible to obtain greater knowledge about this phenomenon and its application in clinical practice through the expression of RANKL/OPG. On the other hand, in addition to bone remodeling, the biology of tooth movement also focuses on other biological factors that influence the process of inflammatory response, cellular response and soft tissue response, these factors would play a crucial role in the adaptation of alveolar and periodontal tissues to the forces applied during orthopedic/orthodontic treatment of the cranio-cervical maxillofacial region.