Antiviral Strategies in the Treatment of Viral Infections in Humans and Animals: Surface and Space Disinfection Strategies

Abstract

The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic is rampant, making people’s awareness of virus elimination and prevention gradually increase, and giving more attention to the cleanliness of the indoor air environment and the use of goods. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, the annual global influenza cases can reach 1 billion, including 3 million to 5 million severe cases, and the number of deaths from influenza-related respiratory diseases recorded is as high as 290,000 to 650,000. The virus is generally transmitted through respiratory droplet transmission, airborne transmission, and contact transmission. For most infectious diseases, disinfection, isolation, and personal protection remain the most effective means, especially in the prevention and control of influenza, intestinal infectious diseases, contact-transmitted diseases, bloodborne diseases, and sexually transmitted diseases, which are most effective in spring, such as in 2019 coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), influenza, and other. In respiratory infectious diseases, early disinfection is an important means of prevention and control; viruses can also be transmitted by contact and through a variety of ways, which occur in indoor spaces and on the surfaces of indoor objects. As a result, many different methods of disinfection have been conducted for indoor spaces and surfaces of objects.