Abstract
Nuclear medicine imaging techniques are known as molecular functional radioisotope imaging. It has been used for decades in endocrinology and pediatric clinical practice. Thyroid scintigraphy (TS) results in many cases of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may not affect the management immediately. However, TS, either Technetium-99 m Pertechnetate (99mTc-O4) or Iodine-123 (123I), can help establish an etiology for hypothyroidism, including CH that may affect treatment decisions, prognosis, and counseling. Congenital hypothyroidism has potentially devastating neurologic consequences when delayed to manage. Screening CH by measuring Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and or thyroxine hormone (T4) using Radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique will detect CH rapidly, and the case can be treated as soon as possible. This review discusses in vivo and in vitro nuclear medicine techniques and the benefits and limitations of nuclear medicine techniques in evaluating hypothyroidism.