Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a well-known complication of long-standing diabetes and is frequently encountered by ophthalmologists. While early changes may not impact vision, it is important to understand the need to follow up these patients regularly to avoid sight-threatening vision loss with timely management. Timely referral by physicians and increasing awareness about diabetic retinopathy is crucial to achieve this goal. Moreover, the advent of newer pharmacotherapeutics and better machinery and instrumentation for safe vitreoretinal surgery has played a significant role in changing the dynamics of the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. This chapter focuses on the difficulties faced in managing patients with diabetic retinopathy, as well as treatment options in practice and areas of future research.