Influence of Soil Moisture Stress on Vegetative Growth and Root Yield of Some Cassava Genotypes for Better Selection Strategy in Screen House Conditions and Different Agro-Ecologies in Nigeria

Abstract

Cassava is a vital staple crop for many African populations particularly in Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture on the performance of selected 12 cassava genotypes that were evaluated for yield and related traits under three percentages of field capacity (75% – control, 50%, and 25%) in the screen house and field conditions in three agro-ecologies (Ibadan-Derived Savanna, Mokwa-Southern Guinea Savanna, and Zaria-Northern Guinea Savanna) and randomized complete block design was used. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, number of nodes and leaves, shoot weight, stomata conductant, stay-green, fresh root weight, and dry matter percentage and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Genotypes differed significantly across and within locations. The higher stress level (25% field capacity – F.C.) resulted in a more significant reduction in vegetative growth than the moderate stress level of 50% F.C.; moisture levels were uniform over time for plant height and stem girth. The response to moisture levels varied widely among genotypes, indicating that they experienced a higher stress condition. Genotypes IITA-TMS-IBA980581, IITA-TMS-IBA010040, and IITA-TMS-IBA010034 were identified with good drought tolerance. Integrating physiological research with breeding efforts will help in the selection of suitable varieties for release.