Advances and Challenges of Boiling Heat Transfer

Abstract

Boiling is a heat-transfer process during which vapor bubbles are created on a heated surface (nucleate boiling) or inside overheated liquid (bulk boiling). Boiling has been used by humans for tens of thousands of years for cooking, however, its application in industry started somewhere in the seventeenth century. Moreover, actual research into boiling-heat-transfer phenomena started only around 1920s. In general, several major types of boiling process can be identified: natural-convection pool boiling vs. forced-convection flow boiling and nucleate boiling vs. bulk boiling. Major nucleate-pool-boiling characteristics are as the following: Onset of Nucleate Boiling (ONB); Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC); Critical Heat Flux (CHF); HTC at film pool boiling; minimum heat flux at film pool boiling; and HTC at transition boiling. Quite similar characteristics correspond to flow-boiling: Onset of subcooled Nucleate Boiling (ONB); Onset of Significant Void (OSV); HTC; CHF; and Post-DryOut (PDO) heat transfer. In spite of more than 100 years of active research and many years of applications, boiling phenomena/heat transfer are still not fully investigated and understood. There are some attempts to develop boiling-phenomena theories, but, unfortunately, they are not so practical yet. Therefore, more or less all practical calculations of various boiling characteristics/parameters rely heavily on empirical correlations, which were obtained experimentally. Due to this sophisticated studies are performed into boiling phenomena in the world.