Study of Sources of Drinking Water and Processes of Water’s Purification from Pollutants

Abstract

The comprehensive sensory, physical-chemical, and microbiological analysis of water samples taken from sources of drinking water was carried out. The distributions of heavy metals, trace amounts of natural radionuclides, and other inorganic components in sources of water were studied. It is determined that the chemical composition and microbiological parameters of the waters transported to Baku city via the “Shollar” and “Oguz-Gabala” water pipelines are in accordance with the requirements of the standards for “drinking water”. The concentration of radioactive radon in the waters of the thermal springs of the sanatorium “Istisu” in the Kalbajar region of Azerbaijan is below the guideline indicator. These waters are suitable for use in medical procedures prescribed by the attending physicians. The concentration of radon in the waters of cold and thermal springs located at an altitude of 2385 m above sea level exceeds the directive indicator by 100 times, and these waters are undrinkable. The analysis of polluted water of Araz River was carried out. The optimal parameters of chemical and radiological purification of water polluted with harmful emissions and pathogenic microorganisms are determined. The mechanisms of chemical and radiation-chemical processes of polluted water’s purification are discussed.