Food Supplementation with Vitamins and Minerals: An Overview

Abstract

Vitamins are organic substances that are essential for normal metabolism, growth, development, and regulation of cell function. Mineral elements are non-organic substances. They constitute 4% of the body mass. Multivitamins and minerals are commonly used as dietary supplements to maintain good health and prevent chronic diseases. In this chapter, we described selected vitamins and minerals used as nutritional supplements. We presented their dietary sources as well as their absorption, metabolism, storage and functions in human body. We also discussed their benefits and potential harmful effects associated with deficiency or excess intake. The prevalence, recommended intakes, regulatory status and health effects of supplementation with these micronutrients were also detailed. Finally, the use of vitamins and minerals as food additives was described in this chapter.