Current Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Foreign Body in Otorhinolaryngology

Abstract

Foreign body (FB) in ENT is a condition frequently seen in, but not exclusive to, the pediatric population. In adults, poor eating habits, loss of dentition, alcohol consumption, and old age are the factors predisposing patients to FB pathology. Foreign bodies can be classified by type and by localization. By type, FB can be broadly classified as organic or inorganic. Special attention must be devoted to batteries. By location, FBs are commonly classified as aural, nasal, pharyngeal, ingested, and aspirated. High level of suspicion is essential for FB diagnosis. Normal physical exam does not exclude FB diagnosis. Frontal and lateral plain radiographs are helpful, but not sensitive in every case. The majority of ingested FB are low risk objects and pass through gastrointestinal tract without causing any problems. Bronchoscopy should be performed whenever there is a reasonable suspicion of aspirated FB. Recurrent or long-standing pulmonary problems warrant FB consideration.