Frequency of Subtypes of Blastocystis spp. in Children from Vulnerable Populations

Abstract

Blastocystis is a very common gastrointestinal protozoan globally distributed; it colonizes humans and non-humans, and in some communities, it reaches prevalences of up to 100%. Blastocystis is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, contaminated food and water, and close contact with animals. There are 34 known subtypes of Blastocystis, and subtypes 1 to 4 (ST1–ST4) are the most common in humans. It should be remembered that its pathogenicity is controversial since some studies have shown that Blastocystis is more prevalent in healthy individuals; who have greater diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota; other studies suggest that Blastocystis infections occur in individuals with intestinal dysbiosis. In America and Africa, a high incidence of ST1 and ST2 is observed in rural areas. Recent data indicate that Blastocystis is linked with specific gut microbiota profiles and health indicators. Convincing information and tools that distinguish asymptomatic colonization from infection in children have yet to be demonstrated. Although this protozoan can cause disease under certain circumstances, but the attention of Blastocystis may change, as the frequency of Blastocystis subtypes in children may vary depending on the geographic area and local health conditions.