Lead-Free Perovskite and Improved Processes and Techniques for Creating Future Photovoltaic Cell to Aid Green Mobility

Abstract

Perovskites material is in the spotlight as photovoltaic device due to their optical and physical properties. In a short period of time, this organic-inorganic pevskite can achieve about energy conversion efficiencies of 25.6% by anti-solvent and spin-coating based process. In addition, ambipolar carrier transport properties of perovskite materials open up new directions for the high-efficiency thin-film solar cells. Despite its attractive properties in solar cell application, concerned about device stability and the use of lead compounds (APbX3, A = a cation X = halide) with toxicity cause the potential risk for the human body and environment issue. Therefore, the use of a new classed strucutral materials with intrinsic stability and beneficial optoelectronic properties can be considered as a start of the next chapter in pervoksite device. This chapter is structured into two major parts: In section 1, we introduce more stable class of perovskite, A2SnX6, where Sn is in the 4+ oxidation state. A detailed discussion on the ramifications of material structure and chemistry-related challenges is presented for solution processing, along with careful characterization. In section 2, we talk about the direction of development for perovksite materials to be a next chapter of energy source for a green mobility.