Author:
Varra Manasa,Kumar Venkataswamy Girish,Marinaik Chandranaik B.,Topan Sanjeev Kumar Malkanna,Ravi Sundaresan Nagalingam
Abstract
Timely estrus detection is one of the critical factors for increasing reproductive efficiency in animals. Estrus physiology is under the influence of the endocrine signals that include a network of miRNAs. EV miRNAs are more stable than the other cell free miRNAs as they are doubly protected from endogenous RNase activity by means of cellular packing within the membrane-enclosed structures. Review of literature indicated the differential expression of miRNA at the estrus stage and other stages of the estrous cycle in various biological fluids, the role of miRNAs in oviductal function as well as their relation to the dynamics of preovulatory sex-steroid concentration or vice-versa by influencing the genes of miRNA biogenesis pathway. Interestingly, overlapping expression of miRNAs between tissues and EVs released from tissue fluids, as well as unique and differential expression of miRNA between bodily fluids and EV fractions of biological fluids has been identified. Studies focusing on the miRNA secreted in easily accessible urinary extracellular vesicles during the estrus stage in relation to the endocrine profile may pay the way for the identification of biomarkers for detecting estrus.