Recurrent Cystitis in Women: Optimal Recommended Diagnostic Evaluation, Management and Prevention Options

Abstract

Cystitis is a very common infection of the lower urinary tract. Women are typically affected, and more than 30 percent will experience at least one episode of cystitis in their lifetime. The diagnosis of this condition and its management are widely known and applied in the outpatient healthcare setting. However, recurrent cystitis, associated with a significant morbidity, is more challenging since their diagnostic evaluation, management and prevention differ significantly between disciplines. Several treatment and prevention options are offered to women with recurrent cystitis. Antibiotic prevention and treatment options should not be first-line, given the importance to limit resistance development and efficacy of alternatives in most situations. The proposed chapter is a narrative review on the current state-of-the-art for the diagnostic evaluation, management and prevention of recurrent cystitis, and aims to discuss other issues and aspects that could be addressed for an optimal management of this condition.