The Role of Dietary Interventions in the Management of Obesity

Abstract

The epidemic of obesity is taking over many parts of the world. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial; however, disordered energy balance regulation is a central feature. Obesity is managed by lifestyle changes alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery. Diet is an essential part of the primary and secondary prevention of obesity. Various dietary patterns have successfully induced acute weight loss, but no diet stands apart from others. Most agree that an ideal weight loss diet should be nutritionally adequate, safe, effective, affordable, and culturally admissible. Creating a negative energy balance is the underpinning theme across weight loss diets. Despite early weight loss, most individuals struggle to maintain weight long-term. Weight gain occurs due to a complex interaction of physiological, environmental, and psychological factors. Long-term weight management is influenced by lifelong conformity to low energy diet, lifestyle changes and ongoing support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals. Strategies should be implemented at the population level to prevent obesity. Policymakers, schools, businesses, healthcare providers, community leaders and individuals must unite at local, national, and international levels to fight the epidemic of obesity.