A Climate-Crop-Spectral Approach for Wheat Adaptation with Climate Changes in the Arid and Semiarid Regions

Abstract

Wheat is grown under a wide climatic range that extends in subhumid, semiarid and arid environments. The vulnerability of wheat productivity to climate change as a result of drought and heat stress in the arid and semiarid regions is accelerating. Remote sensing data monitors crop growth stages and production simultaneously with climatic elements to extract spatial and temporal causal relationships between yielding factors. Qualitative (stage-stress) and quantitative (production-degree) measurements of wheat productivity give a comprehensive view using spectral sensing techniques in a strategic approach. A TESPAL strategy is built on both TEmporal–SPatial-spectrAL growth profiles and zones of wheat growth stages for engineering the adaptation to climate changes. TESPAL strategy confirms stable wheat productivity based on the following: (1) dealing with the criterion of the thermal-climatic factor through indices of plant breeding science by engineering the adaptation in the agro-climate environments and (2) dealing with the criterion of aqua-climatic factor through indices of agronomic science by engineering the crop production management practices.