Seeds of Resilience: Physiology and Mechanisms of Hardseededness

Abstract

Physical dormancy, also known as hardseededness or seed coat impermeability, is a condition that occurs when a seed’s coat becomes impermeable, preventing the entry of water, gases, and other external factors. This impermeability serves as a protective mechanism, delaying germination until suitable conditions are met. Factors influencing hard seed formation fall into two categories: internal and external. Internal factors pertain to plant-specific traits, such as species and seed morphology. Genetic variations and seed coat characteristics play a role in shaping hard seed formation. External factors, based on environmental conditions, also influence seed development. Soil nutrient availability, water supply, humidity, temperature, and light conditions impact seed coat permeability and germination. Additionally, the timing of seed maturity, drying, and storage conditions can contribute to hard seed formation. The interplay of these factors determines a plant’s tendency to produce hard seeds. Overcoming dormancy caused by seed coat impermeability involves various methods, including physical, chemical, and mechanical approaches. These methods enhance water and gas permeability, facilitating germination. The choice of method depends on seed characteristics and desired outcomes in breaking dormancy. This section emphasizes the impact of hardseededness on seed quality and the application of methods to enhance germination, underscoring its significance in seed science.