Advances in Early Onset Scoliosis Management: A Narrative Review of Treatment Modalities

Abstract

Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) refers to a heterogeneous group of spinal deformities in children aged below 10 years. These conditions exhibit significant variations in their causes, natural progression, and available treatment options. As EOS progresses, it can lead to thoracic insufficiency syndrome, characterized by an altered thoracic structure that hinders normal respiratory function and lung development. This chapter provides an overview of the current treatment methods for EOS, focusing on nonoperative interventions, growth-friendly surgical techniques, and advanced technologies. Nonoperative approaches include bracing, casting, and physiotherapy, aiming to slow or halt curve progression. Surgical interventions are often necessary for severe cases and utilize growth-friendly techniques such as traditional or magnetically controlled growing rods. This chapter highlights the various treatment options available for EOS, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention. By effectively managing EOS, healthcare professionals can optimize patient outcomes, minimize complications, and improve the quality of life for affected children. Potential avenues for future research and advancements in EOS treatment are discussed, focusing on minimizing complications and maximizing functional outcomes for affected children. Furthermore, this chapter aims to guide healthcare professionals in making informed decisions regarding the management of EOS.