Abstract
The 21st century ushers us into an information explosive era in modern medicine development. At the cusp of biology and technology convergence, significant advances are being made in the strategic approach toward preventing and treating retinal degeneration and neovascular diseases, in particular of a restoration of macular vision, from new surgical interventions to emerging pharmacotherapies through minimally invasive ocular drug delivery and genetic bio factory, and rapidly evolving retinal gene therapies and cell transplant, which are changing the landscape of retinal therapeutic horizon. Understanding disease physio pathological processes is becoming ever more important for developing and delivering these therapeutic modalities to individual patients with precision; in the light of cell & gene therapy, host-donor interplay is of strategic importance.