Perspective Chapter: Wild Bees – Importance, Threats, and Conservation Challenges

Abstract

Wild bees hold tremendous significance as vital natural pollinators on a global scale. Approximately 20,000 bee species have been described worldwide. They are efficient pollinators owing to their species diversity and abundance, varied floral preferences, flight times, and reliance on weather conditions. Moreover, the extent and nature of pollination services provided by wild bees differ with geographical location, landscape type, climate conditions, and floral morphology. The decline of bees can be attributed to a combination of factors, such as loss, modification, and fragmentation of habitat, pesticide utilization, climate change, and the introduction of pests and diseases. Unlike honey bees, wild bees cannot easily be cultivated or reared in artificial conditions, hence strategies are needed to protect wild bees in the field. Conservation efforts can focus on protecting and restoring their natural habitats in different types of landscapes, implementing measures in human-altered environments, and utilizing human-made tools to support their well-being.