Understanding the Need of Raw Materials, and Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Methods for Detection and Extraction of Materials to Satisfy Semiconductor Market and Its Applications

Abstract

This chapter describes the need of raw materials, and eco-friendly and cost-effective methods for detection and extraction of materials to satisfy semiconductor market and its applications. Since semiconductor market is increasing progressively mainly driven by automotive, solar cells, smartphone products and IOT, VR applications, the need of raw material also increases. To keep this trend, strategies to increase R&D and expertise in mobility and sustainability, European and intercontinental policies for supplier and material manufacturing are needed. Critical raw materials are explained and since there are few countries who supply them, other countries should invest in finding new ways to recycle and manufacture them in-house. With the scientific progress, more materials, alloys, and smart materials are being used, so we need to consider environmental, moral, and ethical aspects when we choose materials in any product, service, or system. Novel techniques such as LiDAR, robotics, autonomous haulage systems, remote operating, and monitoring centers help to maintain a good equilibrium and enable the increasing semiconductor market trend. Photocatalysis, especially more advanced artificial systems used to directly convert solar energy into storable energy, might be of interest to solve environmental pollution and energy storage issues. The idea is to develop photocatalyst with high efficiency, stability, and low cost using a single-material component.