Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Diseases, Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram negative bacteria that can adapt to extreme environmental conditions and withstand to different antibacterial agents. It si responsible for arrays of infections both community and hospital acquired especially ICU infections. Respiratory tract infection, blood stream infection, wound infection, burn infection, and urinary tract infections ware top five P. aeruginosa infections. Additionally as an opportunistic bacteria, it may be associated with healthcare infections in intensive care units (ICUs), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated blood stream infections, surgical site infections, otitis media, and keratitis. P. aeruginosa can form biofilms as self-produced extracellular matrix to protects the cells from antibiotics and the host immune response. Antibiotic resistance was an prominent feature of this pathogen and can donate it one of the three resistance patterns: Multidrug (MDR), extensive drug (XDR) and pan drug resistance. It exploit many resistance mechanisms ranged from overexpression of drug efflux systems protein, modifying enzyme production, reducing the permeability and using shelters like biofilms.