Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Abstract

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor with a dismal prognosis that originates in the mesothelial surfaces of the pleura. The main risk factor is exposure to asbestos. Worldwide, especially in developed countries, occupational asbestos exposure has decreased significantly. Due to the long latency between exposure and development of mesothelioma, the disease is still very relevant and cases are seen sporadically. Despite advances in diagnostic imaging and clinical research, early and prompt diagnosis is challenging. Some serum tumor markers are promising but not incorporated to guidelines yet. Current treatments have been evolving very slowly in recent years; treatment focus in the use of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. This chapter aims to present a review of malignant pleural mesothelioma to assist the practicing physician in the early recognition and evaluation of patients presenting with suspected pleural mesothelioma.