Abstract
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury is the most commonly encountered ligament injury following knee trauma. The MCL and posterior oblique ligament (POL) are the primary stabilizers against valgus stress in the knee. Most isolated MCL injuries are treated with a brace and early mobilization. However, in cases where complex injuries accompany the MCL injury, such as femoral avulsion fractures, open injuries, MCL injury with meniscus tear and joint dislocation, and distal MCL ruptures involving the pes anserinus tendon insertion area, surgical treatment is necessary. Additionally, cases involving posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears and combined anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL and PCL) tears require surgical intervention. In cases where MCL injury occurs alongside anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, conservative treatment is initially recommended, with potential ACL repair in the later stages. Recurrent medial instability after conservative treatment can lead to secondary ACL injury, muscle weakness, and osteoarthritis.