Hydrogen Storage Employing Select, Main-Group-Based Inorganic Materials

Abstract

The use of hydrogen as a fuel is considered a serious option to reduce the long-term environmental impact of global warming. A key challenge of using hydrogen as a fuel is that of employing safe and effective methods by which to store it. One general approach to addressing this challenge is to utilize chemical compounds that release hydrogen gas under highly specified and controlled chemical conditions. This review will discuss said compounds which contain selected main-group inorganic elements, including certain (1) Alkaline-based metals (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca), (2) Boron and Aluminum, and (3) Silicon. The majority of these compounds release hydrogen gas under mild conditions, typically by hydrolysis. The performance criteria of these compounds will be compared along with commentary on the topics of (1) Synthesis of these materials, (2) Energy requirements, (3) Hydrogen release chemistry, (4) Handling safety, and (5) The challenges of recycling/ reloading these materials.