Technological bases and equipment for spheroidization of ammonium salt powders of perchloric acid by ultrasonic mechanical activation

Abstract

The article describes the mechanism for determining the technological modes of operation of equipment for the spheroidization of particles of powders of ammonium salt of perchloric acid by means of ultrasonic mechanical activation. In the introduction, the necessity of using spheroidization processes in the preparation of initial powder components technology in the production of energy-saturated composite materials is determined, and the object of research is also defined – the method of spheroidization of ammonium salt particles of perchloric acid by means of ultrasonic mechanical activation under various conditions. The purpose of the study is to establish the conditions for ultrasonic mechanical activation of the ammonium salt powder of perchloric acid and the modes of its implementation. In the main part, the components of technological equipment for ultrasonic treatment are considered and a diagram of an ultrasonic acoustic system and equipment is proposed, based on the use of an ultrasonic generator UZG 1-1 and a magnetostrictive transducer PMS-1-1. Based on the simulation of the geometry of the booster and the calculation of the waveguide, the designs of the transmitting elements are proposed, which ensure   the implementation of the ultrasonic mechanical activation of the powder process. The set of studies of the ultrasonic mechanical activation of the powder of ammonium salt of perchloric acid “dry”, in liquid and in liquid under excessive hydrostatic pressure for fixed periods of time at given oscillation frequencies and waveguide displacements amplitudes processes has been carried out. The qualitative aspect (taking into account the technological limitations expressed in the requirement to minimize additional technological operations to achieve acceptable parameters of the powder processing final result) of the ultrasonic mechanical activation of the powder of ammonium salt of perchloric acid and the quantitative parameters of its implementation   method have been established.        It is shown that ultrasonic action leads to a powder particles change in shape – they acquire a more rounded shape; it is advisable to carry out the process in an air environment at normal pressure “dry”; The optimal processing time is about 5 minutes at an amplitude of ultrasonic displacements of the waveguide end face of 20–25 μm and an oscillation frequency of 20 kHz. The results obtained can be applied in the technological processes development for the mechanical activation of powders of ammonium salt of perchloric acid, as well as the choice of the necessary technological equipment and in production conditions tooling.