Retrospective analysis of functional and anatomical changes, the level of intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma and highgrade myopia during surgical treatment of cataracts

Abstract

Purpose of the study. To conduct a retrospective analysis of functional, morphometric changes, the level of intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification of cataracts in the early and late postoperative period in patients with glaucoma and highgrade myopia. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of lens morphometric parameters, baseline IOP in patients with PVKG and MIA, IOP in the early and late postoperative period (12 months) in 60 patients who underwent surgical treatment of cataracts by phacoemulsification. There were 2 groups: 1 group consisted of 20 patients with glaucoma, including men – 11, women – 9, the average age of patients in this group was 73,42 ± 6,8 years, the second group consisted of 20 patients with MIA, including men – 8, women – 12, the average age was 71,46 ± 8,25 years. The control group included 20 patients with cataracts (36 eyes), of whom there were 10 men, 10 women, the average age of patients was 70,82 ± 10,25 years. Patients in all groups were homogeneous and comparable in sex and age. Patients of the 1st observation group were in a state of compensation for the level of IOP on the background of the use of antiglaucoma drugs. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examination, including visometry, perimetry, tonometers, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscope, echobiometry, keratorefractometry. Results. A retrospective analysis of functional and anatomical changes in patients with glaucoma and highgrade myopia during surgical treatment of cataracts indicates the effect of FEC + IOL on the condition of ophthalmotonus and functional parameters of the eyes in both early and late postoperative period. Conclusion. Analysis of examination of patients with primary openangle glaucoma and high grade myopia revealed differences in functional, morphometric parameters and the level of intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification of cataracts. Maximum corrected visual acuity (MCG) after phacoemulsification of cataracts was significantly increased in all observation groups. The frequency of thick lenses in the control group was 25%, in the group with PVKG – 35%, and in patients with MIA the incidence was minimal, «respectively – 10%. In the remote period 1 year after FEC there is a decrease in IOP in the control group and in glaucoma patients by 0,8 and 1,1 mm Hg, respectively, while in the group of patients in the Ministry of Internal Affairs there is an increase in ophthalmotonus by 0,7 mm Hg (P  0,05). The frequency of reduction of IOP 1 year after FEC is 70% in patients of the control group, 55% in patients with glaucoma and 10% in patients with high myopia.