Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding of Late Preterm Infants in Neonatal Hospital: Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background. Breast milk is the optimal nutrition for late preterm babies, but mothers of these babies frequently experience difficulties with breastfeeding associated with lactation onset and establishment.Objective. The aim of the study is to examine factors associated with successful breastfeeding of late preterm infants in neonatal hospital.Methods. The retrospective study included medical records of late preterm infants (gestational age of 34–36 weeks) admitted to neonatology department within one calendar year. Maternal and infant factors on exclusive breastfeeding were considered at hospital discharge. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as absence of any other food or drink, even water, except breast milk (expressed or donor), whereas enteral fluid for rehydration, as well as drops and syrups (vitamins, minerals, medicines) were allowed. Determination of independent predictors was performed via multifactorial binary logistic regression.Results. 84 (41%) of children received exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge, others were on formula or mixed feeding. Multifactorial analysis has shown that gestational age of 36 weeks (compared to 34 weeks, odds ratio (OR) 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–3.98) and breastfeeding onset in 6 first hours of life (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.19–4.75) were associated with relatively high probability of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge, and twins (OR 0.31; 95% DI 0.15–0.65) — with low probability.Conclusion. Breastfeeding of late preterm babies with maternal milk (expressed milk included) in the first hours of life positively affects the lactation establishment and the provision of exclusively breast milk to these patients in neonatal hospital. The risk group for early cessation of breastfeeding may include late premature infants with gestational age less than 36 weeks and twins.