Abstract
During a recent voyage from Australia to
Japan the intensity of cosmic rays was measured with several Geiger counter
telescopes of different designs. The conclusions to be drawn from these and
other results are presented in this paper. It is shown that the latitude effect
at sea-level (averaged over all azimuths) is approximately proportional to cos2
1.2ζ, where ζ is the zenith angle of the incident radiation, and that
the vertical latitude effect is 18 per cent. In general, the latitude effect
depends both on zenith angle and azimuth. The phenomenological relationships of
these intensity variations with the zenith angle distribution at two fixed
locations, i.e. at high latitudes and at the equator, and with the east-west
effect at the equator, are deduced. After correction for longitude and zenith
angle, Geiger counter telescope and ionization measurements do not differ by
more than their errors of measurements ; the average specific ionization does
not vary with latitude. Qualitative explanations of the equality of the
latitude effects for mesons and for electrons, as well as of the latitude effect
of small extensive showers are given.
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