Synthesis of a Tetraphenylethene-Substituted Tetrapyridinium Salt with Multifunctionality: Mechanochromism, Cancer Cell Imaging, and DNA Marking

Abstract

The development of functional materials is a crucial step in the development of newer and better technologies. The development of efficient luminescent materials, whose potential lie in applications in fields such as electronics, optics, data storage, and biological sciences, through simple synthetic procedures is therefore of interest. Herein, we report the synthesis of a tetrapyridinium-tetraphenylethylene (TPy-TPE) luminogen with multiple functionalities. TPy-TPE displayed characteristic features of an aggregation-induced emission material being weakly emissive in solution, but strongly emissive when aggregated and in the solid state. The solid-state emission of TPy-TPE can be reversibly switched between green and yellow by grinding–fuming/heating processes with a high contrast due to a transformation from a crystalline to an amorphous state and vice versa. TPy-TPE also works as a good fluorescent visualiser for specific staining for cellular imaging and as a DNA marker.