Breeding Australian Illawarra Shorthorn cattle for resistance to Boophilus microplus. I. Factors affecting resistance

Abstract

Selection and breeding for tick resistance in an Australian Illawarra Shorthorn (AIS) herd was undertaken from 1966 to 1971. Mating of half the AIS herd with a Brahman bull in 1968–69 provided a comparison of tick resistance in selected Bos taurus and crossbred B. taurus x B. indicus cattle. Parent cows and their progeny were ranked for resistance to ticks, infestations of which were acquired as a result of grazing infested pastures, and from periodical artificial infestation with cohorts of c. 20,000 larvae of Boophilus microplus. Ranking and assessment of resistance levels were based on counts of semi-engorged female ticks on the right side. Parent cows selected for high resistance consistently carried fewer ticks than cows selected for low resistance. Mating of cattle selected for high resistance produced progeny that were significantly more resistant than the progeny of cattle selected for low resistance. However, the Brahman bull, which had slightly lower resistance than the AIS bull, produced progeny with higher resistance, even when mated with AIS COWS selected for low resistance. Pregnant cows were significantly less resistant than non-pregnant cows, and lactating cows were very much less resistant than non-lactating cows. Young cows were more resistant than older cows. Calves at foot carried fewer ticks than their dams when grazing infested pastures, but after weaning they were less resistant than their parents when resistance was determined from artificial infestations. Female calves carried fewer ticks than males on almost all occasions, but differences were not significant in winter. Significant seasonal changes in resistance were demonstrated in AIS and Brahman x AIS weaner and yearling cattle. All cattle were less resistant in winter. Changes were greatest in Brahman x AN females, on which the average numbers of female ticks that matured following artificial infestations in January 1970 (summer), July 1970 (winter) and January 1971 (summer) were 151, 1046 and 95 respectively.