Neurosyphilis presenting as new onset refractory status epilepticus: one of the multifarious faces of a great imitator

Abstract

Background Neurosyphilis can present in a myriad of ways, making the suspicion and diagnosis of this disease a great challenge for the clinician. Methods We present a case of a 54-year-old patient who initially presented with cognitive changes and was eventually found to have new onset refractory status epilepticus. Results Neurosyphilis is still a frequent entity nowadays, with involvement of both HIV positive and negative patients. Conclusion The presentation with new onset status epilepticus is rare and uncommon for neurosyphilis; however, its early identification and treatment could prevent further morbidity and mortality.