Enhancing gut health and performance of grower-finisher pigs: assessing the efficacy of the mixture of microencapsulated essential oils and saponins

Abstract

Context The livestock industry demands alternative approaches to maintain animal health and productivity without using antimicrobials. Phytogenic feed additives, consisting of plant-derived compounds, offer promising benefits to grower-finisher pigs’ gut microbiota and overall health. Aims This study investigated the impact of essential oils and saponins as phytogenic feed additives on the gut microbiota and productivity of grower-finisher pigs. Methods Four hundred male Large White × Landrace pigs were randomly allocated into control and treatment groups and provided with a basal diet. The treatment group supplemented commercial phytogenic feed additives. Performance data, general health, cumulative mortality, and bodyweight were monitored. Intestinal samples from different gut locations and rectal swab samples were collected for microbiota analysis. Key results No significant difference in weight was observed between the two groups; however, the phytogenic feed additives notably affected gut microbiota. Greater microbial diversity and changes in genera abundance were evident. Campylobacter and Clostridium increased, while beneficial Lactobacillus increased, and Escherichia decreased. The supplemented group demonstrated more consistent growth, with higher minimum weights. Conclusions Phytogenic feed additives have a significant impact on the gut microbiota of grower-finisher pigs. A diverse microbial community and specific changes in genera abundance were observed, indicating the potential role of these additives in modulating gut health. Implications This study emphasises the potential advantages of using phytogenic feed additives to improve the health and productivity of livestock without the use of antibiotics.