Seedling competition of lucerne in mixtures with temperate and tropical pasture species

Abstract

Two replacement series studies were conducted to quantify the competitive ability of seedlings of Medicago sativa (lucerne) sown in mixtures with temperate and tropical species. A temperate mixtures study (Expt 1) consisted of lucerne cv. Genesis sown with each of Phalaris aquatica (phalaris) cv. Atlas PG, Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue) cv. Resolute MaxP, Cichorium intybus (chicory) cv. Puna, Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover) cv. Clare, Austrodanthonia richardsonii (wallaby grass) cv. Taranna and Avena sativa (forage oats) cv. Eurrabie. There was also an additional mixture of chicory and subterranean clover. A tropical grass mixtures study (Expt 2) included Genesis lucerne sown with each of Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense cv. Bambatsi, Dicanthium aristatum cv. Floren, Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) cv. Katambora, Digitaria eriantha subsp. eriantha cv. Premier and Bothriochloa bladii subsp. glabra cv. Swann. In Expt 1, lucerne-phalaris mixtures were equally competitive, whereas lucerne-tall fescue mixtures over-yielded. Chicory was aggressive in mixtures with lucerne and subterranean clover; similarly forage oats was more competitive than lucerne. Subterranean clover was competitive against lucerne at harvest 1, but by harvest 2 the low cutting height had reduced its competitiveness. Lucerne was more aggressive than wallaby grass. In Expt 2, all tropical grass-lucerne mixtures over-yielded; however, lucerne was generally more competitive than the grasses, except for Rhodes grass at harvest 1. While our study indicated that mixtures of lucerne seedlings with phalaris or tall fescue may be compatible, mixtures with tropical grasses were more likely to result in lucerne seedling dominance. This competitiveness may be overcome by either spatial or temporal separation and we discuss the concept of using mixtures to exploit environmental niches.