Meta-analysis of effect of a mono-component xylanase on the nutritional value of wheat supplemented with exogenous phytase for broiler chickens

Abstract

A total of 1600 Ross broiler chicks were used in six separate balance studies (with equivalent protocols) to investigate the effect of an exogenous xylanase on the nutritional value of wheat (supplemented with a background of exogenous phytase) sourced from Asia, North America and Europe. The mean apparent metabolisable energy of the 10 batches of wheat per se was 13.4 MJ/kg DM and the addition of xylanase increased (P < 0.001) this by an average of 0.43 MJ/kg DM (~3.2%). Apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen in the 10 batches of wheat per se was 69.8% and xylanase addition increased (P < 0.001) this by 2%. The apparent ileal disappearance of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was –53% and +5%, respectively and xylanase addition increased these by 28% and 15%, respectively. The apparent ileal disappearance of total arabinose + xylose was –10% and xylanase increased this by 21%. The apparent ileal flow of fucose was 0.38 g/kg DM intake and xylanase addition reduced (P < 0.05) this by 0.03 g/kg DM intake. There was a significant negative correlation between the apparent ileal flow of fucose and the digestibility of nitrogen and energy in the wheat and the wheat plus xylanase. These results demonstrate the continued effectiveness of exogenous xylanase to enhance the nutritional value of wheat for broiler chickens. Furthermore, the degradation of NSP fractions is confirmatory of both soluble and insoluble fibre hydrolysis in the intestine of the birds. Finally, although de-caging, viscosity amelioration and microbial changes are likely to be involved, the reduced flow of fucose in the intestine of birds fed wheat with supplemental xylanase is indicative of reduced endogenous (mucin) loss with net energy and enteric health implications. The effect of wheat pentosans and xylanase on intestinal secretion and endogenous protein and energy loss is an area for future study. Finally, the results presented herein suggest a reduction in soluble NSP concentrations in wheat over the past 2–3 decades, which is a trend that may explain anecdotal observations that the incidence of so-called sticky wheats is in decline. Systematic assessment of the implications of changing substrate concentrations and characteristics for new xylanase development is warranted.