Author:
Kloser R. J.,Bax N. J.,Ryan T.,Williams A.,Barker B. A.
Abstract
Calibrated acoustic backscattering measurements using 12, 38 and 120 kHz were
collected over depths of 30–230 m, together with benthic epi- and
in-fauna, sediments, photographs and video data. Each acoustic ping was
envelope detected and digitized by echo sounder to include both the first and
second echoes, and specifically designed software removed signal biases. A
reference set of distinct habitat types at different depths was established,
and a simple classification of the seabed combined both biological and
geological attributes. Four seabed types were identified as having broad
biological and geological significance;the simple acoustic indices could
discriminate three of these at a single frequency. This demonstrates that the
acoustic indices are not directly related to specific seabed properties but to
a combination of seabed hardness and roughness attributes at a particular
sampling frequency. The acoustic-derived maps have greater detail of seabed
structure than previously described by sediment surveys and fishers’
interpretation. The collection of calibrated digital acoustic data at multiple
frequencies and the creation of reference seabed sites will ensure that new
shape-and energy-based feature extraction methods on the ping-based data can
begin to unravel the complexities of the seabed. The methods described can be
transferred to higher-resolution swath-mapping acoustic-sampling devices such
as digital side-scan sonars and multi-beam echo sounders.
Subject
Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Oceanography
Cited by
50 articles.
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