Abstract
A new apparatus has been made for the
precise measurement of heats of mixing of liquids. With this apparatus
measurements can be made in the absence of air, vapour, or mercury for systems
which have volume changes on mixing of up to 1 ml per mol of mixture.
The apparatus has been used to measure the
heats of mixing of ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol with benzene at 45 �C for
comparison with previous measurements. New measurements have also been made
over the concentration range for heats of mixing of ethanol, 1-propanol, and
1-butanol with benzene at 25 and 35 �C and for methanol, 1-hexanol, and
1-octanol with benzene and ethanol with toluene at 35 �C.
For these systems the heat of mixing per
mol of mixture has a maximum at a mole fraction of alcohol from 0.30 to 0.35.
The results show that the heats of mixing at a mole fraction of alcohol of 0.30
increase linearly with increase in temperature and at a given temperature they
increase with the molecular weight of the alcohol but at a lower rate for the
higher alcohols.
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