Author:
Romagosa I.,Slafer G. A.,Araus J. L.
Abstract
This study develops a novel approach by which to estimate cereal yields in
ancient times based on the 13C discrimination (Δ)
of ancient grains. First, a yield model based on Δ in grains from modern
durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.) crops was developed using a wide
range of genotypes and Mediterranean environments. For both crops, a strong
positive linear regression between yield on a logarithmic basis and the
Δ of grains (r2 =
0.72, 506 d.f. for durum wheat and
r2 = 0.50, 316 d.f. for
barley) was observed; the slope of the relationship was significantly higher
for durum wheat than for barley. Initial estimates of yield were subsequently
corrected from bibliographical data to take into consideration the two major
differences between ancient and modern crops unaccounted for by the Δ of
ancient samples: atmospheric CO2 levels and the harvest
index ratio. As a case study, this method was used to obtain estimates of
ancient yields of durum wheat and barley in two areas of the Western
Mediterranean Basin (NE and SE Iberian Peninsula) using Δ data of grain
samples from a number of archaeological sites. These sites dated from the
beginning of agriculture in these areas (Neolithic Age,
ca 7500 years before present (BP)) to the Middle Ages
(ca 800 years BP). Our results show the absence of a
marked trend in the yields of both durum wheat and barley, which seem to have
remained relatively high from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages. The average
values for the whole period (mean ± SD) were 1.61 ± 0.49 and
1.08 ± 0.25 Mg ha–1 for durum wheat and
barley, respectively in the NE Iberian Peninsula, and 1.18 ± 0.48 and
0.97 ± 0.30 Mg ha–1, respectively, in SE
Iberian Peninsula. These yield estimates are within the range indicated by the
limited data (mostly from contemporary written sources) available for the
Mediterranean Basin, and suggest relatively good growing conditions throughout
the period studied, particularly in the NE Iberian Peninsula.
Subject
Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science
Cited by
11 articles.
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