Low doses of bisphenol A can impair postnatal testicular development directly, without affecting hormonal or oxidative stress levels

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered a potent endocrine disruptor, causing changes in the endocrine system due to its oestrogenic activity. Male individuals may be susceptible to endocrine, morphological and physiological alterations during testicular postnatal development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exposure to BPA during the peripubertal period can damage testicular development. To this end, male Wistar rats were treated with BPA via gavage at doses of 20 or 200 µg kg−1 on Postnatal Days (PND) 36–66. The control group was treated with Oil + DMSO under the same conditions. On PND 67, rats were killed. The blood was collected for hormonal analysis, the testis for sperm count, oxidative stress, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses for ki-67 and sperm of the vas deferens for morphological analysis. Both doses of BPA resulted in abnormal sperm morphology and seminiferous tubules, with the highest dose increasing the height of the germinal epithelium and reducing the number of spermatozoa at Stages IX–XIII of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, both doses of BPA administered during the peripubertal period impaired testicular development without any effects on hormone levels (luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels) or oxidative stress.