Genotypic screening for the resistance of leguminous crops to the effects of heavy metals, based on neuron profiling of their amino acid exudation

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose of the article was to assess the change in the level of structural organization of the amino acid profile of root exometabolites of various resistance genotypes of peas under the influence of metal-induced stress. Research method. Plants were grown under sterile controlled conditions (climatic chamber) with the addition of toxic concentrations, cadmium, cobalt, zinc or mercury to the nutrient medium. The objects for the study were the Cd-sensitive genotype of the pea variety SGE, as well as the unique Cd-resistant mutant SGECDt created on its basis. Results. It has been established that all salt solutions of metals have an inhibitory effect on plant growth rates. At the same time, as expected, the addition of cadmium and cobalt to the medium had a greater effect on the decrease in the biomass of the wild line SGE than in the mutant genotype SGECDt. The latter reacted more to the introduction of toxic mercury into the environment. As for zinc, here, the inhibition of the biomass of both organs in the two genotypes was equivalent. The addition of all toxicants to the medium led to an increase in the total yield of all amino acids. In the SGECDt mutant, this manifested itself to a greater extent, which is associated with certain aspects of metal detoxification in this genotype in plant tissues. Cluster analysis made it possible to separate the ratios of the amino acid profile obtained on zinc and mercury in both genotypes into a separate independent group. The results of calculations using a neural network confirmed the resistance of the mutant to Cd and Co ions, and sensitivity to Zn and Hg. The wild line was found to be resistant to the selected concentration of Co. Scientific innovation. The mathematical model, designed on the basis of the collected amino acid exudation data array, makes it possible, on the basis of a matrix of correlation ratios, to predict the yield of absolutely dry plant protein biomass and to primary screening the adaptive lability of various varieties under metal-induced stress.